Why does FADH2 yield less ATP than NADH?
a. FADH2 electrons ultimately do not go to oxygen.
b. FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level.
c. FADH2 binds directly to the ATP synthase enzyme.
d. Electrons from FADH2 cannot pump hydrogen ions out of the cell.
Answer: b. FADH2 electrons enter the electron transport chain at a lower energy level.
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Cellular crawling motion is accomplished by:
A. the polymerization of microfilaments along the leading edge in response to an activated cell surface receptor. B. the depolymerization of microfilaments along the leading edge in response to an activated cell surface receptor. C. the contraction of microfilaments along the leading edge in response to an activated cell surface receptor. D. the polymerization of microfilaments along the trailing edge in response to an activated cell surface receptor. E. All of these choices can contribute to rapid shifting of direction of crawling motion.
Aerobic bacteria most likely evolved
a. directly from early protocells. b. around hydrothermal vents. c. much later than cyanobacteria. d. in a prebiotic soup. e. through the process of endosymbiosis.
Which statement is true?
1.Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems send nerves to all organs. 2.The sympathetic nervous system that supplies an organ will also provide parasympathetic nerves to it. 3.The sympathetic branch can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects depending on effects from the environment. 4.The sympathetic branch of the autonomic system usually speeds up the activities of the body. 5.The parasympathetic system usually speeds up the activities of the body.
In which one of the following situations is hemoglobin most likely to bind oxygen?
A) in a tissue with a low partial pressure of oxygen B) in a tissue with a neutral pH C) in a tissue with a high temperature D) in a tissue with a low pH E) in a metabolically active tissue (e.g., muscle)