What did Bronislaw Malinowski mean when he referred to everyday cultural patterns as "the imponderabilia of native life and of typical behavior"?
A. Everyday cultural patterns of native life can best be studied by asking key informants to explain them.
B. Everyday cultural patterns are important but so numerous that their detailed description should not be included in the main body of an ethnographic study.
C. Features of everyday culture are, at first, imponderable, but as the ethnographer builds rapport, their logic and functional value in society become clear.
D. Features of culture such as distinctive smells, noises people make, how they cover their mouths when they eat, and how they gaze at each other are so fundamental that natives take them for granted but are there for the ethnographer to describe and make sense of.
E. Everyday cultural patterns are full of senseless cultural "noise," and it is the anthropologist's job to get at the truly valuable behaviors that distinguish one culture from another.
Answer: D
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Culture, as defined by anthropologists,
A) includes beliefs and customs, but not material objects. B) cannot be transmitted from one generation to the next because it is not biologically inherited. C) includes learned behavior and also material objects produced through culturally transmitted knowledge. D) is studied by cultural anthropologists, but not by archaeologists. E) is only found in advanced societies where the arts flourish.
Gerald Creed's study in a small Bulgarian farming community shows
A) how anthropological fieldwork in a local community can modify the picture of events at the national level. B) how little influence events at the local level have on national level politics. C) how the farming community where he worked welcomed the dismantling of the collective farms when the Communist regime collapsed. D) how institutions of free enterprise serve people's needs better that those imposed by government. E) none of the above.
Shanidar cave is extraordinary in that an individual in the burial
a. is the only Neandertal remains found Israel. b. evidences a skull having received a crushing blow, probably causing blindness, and a blow to the right side rendering the right arm useless. c. is without the right lower arm and hand, demonstrating the results of poor preservation. d. is an ancient member of an extinct social group in Iraq. e. lived to approximately 80 years of age.
Discuss the following with regard to the Olduwan/Oldowan and Acheulian tool traditions: how they were named, where they were found, which species used them, what they looked like, and for what they were used.
What will be an ideal response?