How does birth order affect personality?
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: Birth order does affect personality, but not as much as most people would predict. Genetics explains about 40% to 50% of differences among people in the Big Five. Birth order explains maybe about 4% of differences. Birth order effects are about one-tenth the size of the genetic effects.
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Tom's case, as described in your textbook, illustrates which of the following characteristics of personality disorders that would allow a clinician to differentiate his disorder from other disorders that are more episodic in nature?
a. Tom's problems were intense but very brief. b. Tom understood the nature for his problems and felt bad about them. c. Tom's problems began early and were exhibited consistently over an extended period of time. d. Tom was able to recognize his need for help and participate actively in treatment.
When a behavior occurs and is followed by a consequence that results in a decrease in the behavior in the future, it is referred to as:
a. extinction b. antecedent control c. negative reinforcement d. punishment
Bereavement during childhood a. typically does not have long-lasting effects
b. does not occur. c. is experienced as a positive emotion by most children. d. is usually repressed.
What is the current average life expectancy for Americans?
a. late-seventies b. mid-eighties c. ninety d. one hundred