The nurse in preadmission testing is taking a health history from a patient who will be having an elective hysterectomy. Which vitamin deficiency should be addressed before surgery to ensure proper blood clotting during surgery?
A) Vitamin A deficiency
B) Vitamin C deficiency
C) Vitamin K deficiency
D) Vitamin E deficiency
C) Vitamin K deficiency
Explanation: A) Vitamin A is needed to help reepithelialization and collagen needed for strength and stability of the healing wound. If deficient, it can impede the inflammatory process, reduce antimicrobial activity and impede new capillaries in the wound bed.
B) Vitamin C is needed in all phases of wound healing. A deficiency can hinder the inflammatory process, decreasing complement activity, inhibit collagen secretion, decrease ability to wall off bacteria, and localize infection. Most important, a deficiency of Vitamin C can decrease angiogenesis, which causes prolonged hypoxia and impairs granulation of tissue formation.
C) Vitamin K is required for synthesis of four coagulation factors: II, VII, IX, and X. Vitamin K deficiency affects hemostasis and formation of the fibrin clot. As a result, hemorrhage, impaired wound healing, and infection may occur.
D) Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant that limits lipid peroxidation, maintains and stabilizes the cell membrane, and protects against oxidative injury associated with prolonged or overwhelming inflammation.
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A nurse is preparing to hand feed an older adult with a history of a right cerebrovascular accident (CVA) with facial weakness and dysphagia. Which techniques should the nurse utilize when feeding this patient? (Select all that apply.)
a. Sit the patient upright in a chair at 90 de-grees. b. Allow the patient to sit upright for 15 minutes after the meal is completed. c. Feed the patient only liquids to make swallowing easier. d. Place the solid food in the left side of the mouth. e. Have the patient swallow twice for every mouthful of food given.
The patient comes to the industrial nurse and is frantic because the stoma to the colostomy has prolapsed after 1 year postsurgery. The nurse's best counsel would be which of the fol-lowing?
1. "If there are still feces coming from the stoma, it is not blocked. Contact your surgeon for an evaluation." 2. "You must come in immediately, because the stoma may completely retract into your abdomen." 3. "This is an emergency situation, because it has stenosed." 4. "Don't worry about that. Coughing or sneezing might have caused the prolapse. It will come back out in a few hours."
List five physical changes that you should report to the nurse as death approaches.
What will be an ideal response?
Which of the following is not an effective communication and interaction skill used when dealing with persons with mental retardation?
a. Arrange for a quiet setting for the interview. b. Reassure and help the person to relax. c. Do not identify yourself and what role you play. d. Ask short, simple questions, use simple language, and speak slowly.