Describe what occurs during cleavage, growth, morphogenesis, and differentiation.
What will be an ideal response?
Cleavage is the division of the zygote from one cell into two into four into eight and so forth. An increase in size does not accompany these divisions.
Growth is accompanied by an increase in size of the daughter cells.
Morphogenesis refers to the shaping of the embryo due to the movements of various cells.
Differentiation is when the cells take on specific structure and functions.
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In some flowers, a purple pigment is synthesized from a red precursor pigment. In the absence of all pigment, flowers are white. A pure-breeding plant with red flowers was crossed to a pure-breeding plant with white flowers. All of the F1 plants had white flowers. The F1 plants were crossed to each other, and the F2 consisted of 165 plants: 123 with white flowers, 32 with purple flowers, and 11 with red flowers. How do these results suggest that flower color is determined?
A) One gene with two alleles exists and heterozygotes have a different phenotype than either homozygote. B) The dominant allele of one gene masks the effect of a second gene. C) The recessive allele of one gene masks the effect of a second gene. D) A dominant allele of two genes is necessary for purple flowers. E) A dominant allele of either of two genes is sufficient for purple flowers.
In nature, a biofilm may include
a. bacteria only. b. microscopic algae only. c. fungi only. d. protists only. e. bacteria, microscopic algae, protests, and fungi
Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pH. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen?
(A) The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen. (B) Electron transport is reduced in the absence of a plasma membrane. (C) In the absence of oxygen, oxidative phosphorylation produces more ATP than does fermentation. (D) In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis produces more ATP than in the absence of oxygen.
Angiogenesis can be used as a therapeutic marker
a. true b. false