Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The standard error of measurement is the standard deviation of the normal distribution of observed scores that a person may obtain under repeated independent testing with the same test.
2. Reliability is both a necessary and sufficient condition in the validation process.
3. The general principle behind improving reliability it to minimize the variance of relevant individual differences as well as the error variance.
4. In classical test theory, observed scores are thought to consist of two parts: the true score and measurement error.
5. Systematic error affects reliability.


1. True
2. False
3. False
4. True
5. False

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____________ involves access and equity to ensure full participation in the life of a society, particularly for those who have been systematically excluded on the basis of race/ethnicity, gender, age, physical or mental disability, education, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, or other characteristics of background or group membership and involves addressing the realities of oppression, privilege, and social inequities.

A. Case management B. Ego-psychology C. Social interest D. Social justice

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An effective parental hierarchy refers to:

a. Parents can set boundaries and limits, while still maintaining emotional connection with their children. b. Parents are not able to manage the child's behavior, leading to permissive parenting style. c. Parents maintain rules that are developmentally too strict and unrealistic and consequences that are too severe. d. Both A and C

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Complicating effects that have contributed to an increase in rape are

a. acceptance of violence in the media. b. genetic regression. c. the sexual revolution. d. None of the above have to do with an increase in rape.

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When conflict occurs in a group, the best approach is to:

A. introduce a guided fantasy and some relaxation exercise.   

B. recognize the conflict and encourage members to deal with it.   

C. ask those members involved in the conflict to leave the room.   

D. ignore the conflict as much as possible so that tensions do not build.   

E. allow those involved in the conflict to act out their feelings non­verbally.

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