A nurse assesses a client with a cast for potential compartment syndrome. Which clinical manifestations are correctly paired with the physiologic changes of compartment syndrome? (Select all that apply.)
a. Edema - Increased capillary permeability
b. Pallor - Increased blood blow to the area
c. Unequal pulses - Increased production of lactic acid
d. Cyanosis - Anaerobic metabolism
e. Tingling - A release of histamine
ANS: A, C, D
Clinical manifestations of compartment syndrome are caused by several physiologic changes. Edema is caused by increased capillary permeability, release of histamine, decreased tissue perfusion, and vasodilation. Unequal pulses are caused by an increased production of lactic acid. Cyanosis is caused by anaerobic metabolism. Pallor is caused by decreased oxygen to tissues, and tingling is caused by increased tissue pressure.
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