Identify which of the following is a valid critique of neutralization theory.

A. It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize.
B. It only applies to property crimes.
C. It eliminates much of the overdetermined image of subcultural values implied in subcultural theories.
D. It unquestioningly accepts official definitions of criminality.


A. It says nothing about the origins of the antisocial behavior the actors seek to neutralize.

Criminal Justice

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The concept of “grand apartheid” (as distinguished from “petit apartheid”) refers to ______ racism in police interactions with members of minority groups.

a. occasional b. overt c. daily, informal d. rare

Criminal Justice

Which of the following is true of remote data storage?

a. Search warrants for any location of remote data are likely to be ruled constitutional. b. Remote data storage aids law enforcement authorities in obtaining incriminating information. c. The practice of data stripping impedes the efforts of law enforcement agencies. d. The lack of physicality facilitates the identification of the prevailing legal authority.

Criminal Justice

Sentencing guidelines take away much of the discretion of judicial sentencing

a. True b. False

Criminal Justice

Officer Shultz is a rape investigator who will be conducting a follow-up interview with rape victim. Which of the following actions is NOT recommended during the interview?

A) Conduct the interview with an efficient, business-like tone. B) Allow the victim to describe what occurred in her own words. C) Allow the victim a ventilation period following opening remarks. D) Explore prior consensual sexual relations with the offender.

Criminal Justice