What is the difference between an antecedent variable and an intervening variable?
What will be an ideal response?
A variable that occurs prior to all other variables and that may affect other independent variables is called an antecedent variable. A variable that occurs closer in time to the dependent variable and is itself affected by other independent variables is called an intervening variable. The roles of antecedent and intervening variables in the explanation of the dependent variable differ significantly. Antecedent variables push our explanatory scheme further back in time and, we hope, will lead to a more complete understanding of a particular phenomenon.
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A survey item on which respondents must choose from a set of answers provided on a questionnaire is
a. subject to high levels of response bias. b. not susceptible to social desirable bias. c. a closed-ended question. d. less prone to nondifferentiation than other types of items.
A measure of _________ describes in a single number or coefficient the kind and strength of relationship between the values of two variables.
a. Association b. Variation c. Causation d. Regression
Which of the following scenarios represents a state concerned with absolute gain?
a. Israel is angry that the number of fighter jets in its fleet increased five percent in a year, while Canada’s increased ten percent. b. The United States is disappointed with its biggest market share gain ever in the oil market because Russia made a bigger gain. c. Japan is upset because its precision electronic guidance instruments were rated just below Germany’s. d. India does not care what Pakistan’s military does as long as its own military obtains more weapons.
Which of the following is the most noticeable effect of NAFTA on Mexico’s economy?
A. increased equality B. shift toward importing more products C. shift toward exporting more products D. monetary deflation