After listening to a lecture on prejudice, a student wonders if having close friends from different ethnic groups can reduce prejudice against these groups. Research suggests that the answer is
a. yes, because such friendships will help to reinforce in-group biases.
b. yes, because it may become easier to identify and empathize with out-group members.
c. no, because these friendships may foster a process of social categorization.
d. no, because the less that is known about the social norms and customs of out-groups, the better.
Answer: b. yes, because it may become easier to identify and empathize with out-group members.
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A physical trace of memory in the brain is termed a(n)
a. flashbulb memory. b. schema. c. engram. d. mnemonic. e. neuronal network.
A variable-interval schedule is a schedule
A. in which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after a fixed number. B. that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed. C. in which the time between reinforcements fluctuates around some average rather than being fixed. D. in which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
If habituation has occurred, ________________ in responsiveness will be observed
a. an increase b. a decrease c. an increase then decrease d. no change
The studies by Rosenthal and Jacobson on self-fulfilling prophecies have concluded that the teachers treated the "bloomers" in class differently than the other children. In which of the following ways did the teachers treat these students differently?
a. They gave bloomers more personal attention. b. They forced bloomers to do extra homework. c. They gave the bloomers bonus points for no real reason. d. They scolded the bloomers more harshly when they got an answer wrong.