For years ABC Copier, a copier machine supplier, enjoyed strong sales and a huge share of the copier market, far ahead of its nearest competitor. However, over the years, ABC seldom asked customers for feedback. So when some of ABC's competition responded to customers' needs and started offering copiers with new features (such as wireless printing from laptop and tablet computers), ABC lost much of its market share. ABC's system is best described as
A. open.
B. isolated.
C. blind.
D. internal.
E. closed.
E. closed.
A closed system has little interaction with its environment; that is, it receives very little feedback from the outside. The classical management viewpoint often considered an organization a closed system. So does the management science perspective, which simplifies organizations for purposes of analysis. However, any organization that ignores feedback from the environment opens itself up to possibly spectacular failures. In the modern era, nearly all organizations are, at least to some degree, open systems rather than closed systems.
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