Explain how extinction of a behavior maintained by positive reinforcement would be different, procedurally, than extinction of a behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. Give a specific example of each
What will be an ideal response?
Extinction of a behavior maintained by positive reinforcement would consist of withholding the reinforcer previously maintaining the problem behavior, contingent upon the occurrence for problem behavior. For example, if a problem behavior was maintained by access to adult attention, extinction would involve the adult turning away from the individual contingent upon the occurrence of problem behavior. On the other hand, for a behavior maintained by negative reinforcement, extinction would involve no longer providing escape from an aversive stimulus; rather the individual would e required to continue interacting with the aversive stimulus. For example, if the problem behavior was maintained by escape from toothbrushing tasks, then extinction would involve not letting the individual out of toothbrushing and requiring him/her to continue with the toothbrushing task.
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You are talking with a third-grade teacher who says, "My students are not motivated to read and there is not much I can do about it." How do you respond?
a. Teachers can foster motivation by implementing a point system in which students earn points for each book they read. The points can then be exchanged for rewards. b. Teachers can foster motivation by requiring students to read books that are carefully selected by the teacher. c. Teachers can foster motivation by planning activities that offer such things as choice, challenge, and authenticity. d. She is correct because teachers cannot foster motivation since it is intrinsic to each student.
List the four principles from the Pathways to Cultural Competence Project
What will be an ideal response?
James is 6 months old. He likes the feel of his thumb in his mouth; therefore, whenever his thumb comes close to his face he places in thumb in his mouth. James' action is characteristic of ______________ behavior, which dominates the sensorimotor stage
a. object directed b. person centered c. goal directed d. pleasure seeking
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 is a:
A) Civil rights law B) Legal entitlement for education C) An affirmative action law D) Right to education law