Alejandra, a resident of lower Manhattan, suffers from PTSD after witnessing the attack on the twin towers of the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. A certain acrid burning smell can trigger intense feelings of jitteriness and distress for her. This is an example of ____.?
a. ?positive reinforcement
b. ?operant conditioning
c. ?classical conditioning
d. ?observational learning
Answer: c. ?classical conditioning
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Regarding the profession of psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. Counseling psychologists tend to treat milder problems than do clinical psychologists, although such differences are fading. b. Most clinical psychologists have a Ph.D. degree and follow a scientist-as-practitioner model. c. To work as a clinical or counseling psychologist, you must have a license issued by a state examining board. d. The word "shrink" is a slang term that refers to all types of counselors and mentalhealth professionals.
Research on animals and language indicates that ________
a. dolphins are able to express an infinite number of novel utterances through whistles and other sounds. b. bonobos seem to be able to produce original sentences through a variety of grunts and screeches. c. no nonhuman species has its own language. d. nonhuman animals don't have their own languages, but clearly demonstrate human-like abilities when taught to communicate.
Which of the following persons is most likely to suffer from coronary heart disease?
A. Jake, an aggressive and hostile cab driver B. Melissa, a journalist who is under constant deadlines C. Katy, a very competitive athlete D. Sean, a laid-back country singer
Middle-aged college students __________
A) simply reinforce negative stereotypes of aging B) are outperformed by younger students academically C) require more assistance than their younger classmates D) provide valuable intergenerational contact