What preconditions existed in France that provoked revolution in 1789?
What will be an ideal response?
A stagnant economy in France not only failed to modernize and capitalize on the growing market economy, but there was also a stagnant social hierarchy in which the three estates, defined by law, precluded the First and Second Estates from paying taxes. The brunt of taxation was borne by the Third Estate, whose members were excluded from government. Many in France found it outrageous that the French government had supported the American Revolution and sent military and financial aid so that the Americans could throw off British tyranny on the basis of "no taxation without representation." A series of economic crises throughout the 1770s and 1780s pushed France to the edge of bankruptcy. And then an extremely bad harvest in the late 1780s forced a price hike in the cost of bread. After the lack of political representation, the stagnant economy, the enforcement of traditional social orders, and continuing economic crisis, the political eruption began in 1789.
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The doctrine of papal primacy helped Western religious leaders make up for __________ in the fifth and sixth centuries.
A. a lack of moral authority B. political weakness C. the decline of monasticism D. the retreat of Christianity from eastern Europe
How did the Marshall Plan work in practice?
a) European nations got loans to rebuild but had to buy raw materials and industrial products from the United States and Canada, plus join the Organization for European Economic Cooperation. b) European nations could borrow money from the Marshall Plan, but only if they joined the United Nations and renounced communism. Consider This: Over four years, the Americans and Canadians sent nearly $13 billion to Europe to rebuild. See 14.2: The Crumbling Alliance. c) All European nations could join the Marshall Plan and borrow money to rebuild, but former members of the Axis also had to formally apologize for starting the war. Consider This: Over four years, the Americans and Canadians sent nearly $13 billion to Europe to rebuild. See 14.2: The Crumbling Alliance. d) European nations that had supported the Allies or been invaded before the outbreak of the war could arrange for inexpensive loans to rebuild; nothing was offered to Germany or Italy. Consider This: Over four years, the Americans and Canadians sent nearly $13 billion to Europe to rebuild. See 14.2: The Crumbling Alliance.
__________became a theater for the growing conflict between the United States and France in the eighteenth century.
a. The Caribbean b. The Ohio River Valley c. The Canadian border d. New Orleans
Which was the first country to experience the Industrial Revolution?
A. The Netherlands B. Britain C. France D. Germany E. Spain