Describe dendrite, axon, terminal button, neurotransmitter, myelin, and cell body. How are each involved in the communication of information in the brain?
What will be an ideal response?
The dendrite is the end of the neuron that receives information and it resembles a tress with many branches. It allows one neuron to receive input from thousands of other neurons. The axon is a tube-like structure that emerges from the cell body and transmits information to other neurons. The terminal buttons are the small knobs at the end of the axon that release neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are the chemicals released by the terminal buttons that allow neurons to communicate with each other. Myelin is a fatty sheath that wraps around neurons and enables them to transmit information more rapidly. The cell body is the center of the neuron that keeps the neuron alive.
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According to Jean Piaget’s cognitive-developmental theory, __________
A) children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world B) children’s learning depends on reinforcers, such as rewards from adults C) adult teaching is the best way to foster development D) rapid development occurs during sensitive periods
A brain-imaging method that takes computer-controlled X-rays of the brain is called __________
a) electroencephalography (EEG). b) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). c) positron emission tomography (PET). d) computerized axial tomography (CT).
Shanda is afraid of failing one of her final exams, primarily because she thinks the professor gives hard exams and so, no matter how much studying she does, it won't matter. Cognitive theorists would suggest that Shanda
a. has an external locus of control. b. has an internal locus of control. c. has an introverted personality. d. has an extroverted personality. e. is highly neurotic
What is the relationship between long-term potentiation and memory?
a. Memory helps strengthen neurons, which leads to long-term potentiation. b. Long-term potentiation leads to a deficit of memory, which is why the substances that lead to long-term potentiation should not be used recreationally for an extended period of time. c. Memory and long-term potentiation have no direct relationship, but they are both associated with the strengthening of the amygdala and the hypothalamic cortex. d. As long-term potentiation increases, we remember the memories associated with those neurons more easily.