A nurse is preparing a client with severe gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) for a test to determine the extent of damage caused by the disorder. Which of the following tests would be ordered for this client?
A) Cholecystogram
B) Lower GI series
C) Colonoscopy
D) Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
D
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Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) provides direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum to determine damage to these structures. A cholecystogram (gallbladder series) may be ordered to show the outline of the gallbladder and any existing gallstones. A lower GI series, or barium enema, is given to examine the contours of the lower bowel. Colonoscopy can be used to follow up on abnormal x-ray examinations. It can help identify growths and inflammatory disease of the lower GI tract.
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The nurse is caring for a patient who is being discharged home on rifampin (Rifadin) for the treatment of leprosy. What statement by the patient about the administration of this drug best indicates understanding? "I will take my medication
a. twice daily." b. daily." c. twice weekly." d. monthly."
A patient who has been admitted with symptoms of stroke is to have a CT scan. What rationale for this testing would the nurse provide to the patient and family?
1. CT scans are used to determine the effectiveness of the cerebral circulation to perfuse all areas of the brain. 2. The CT scan will evaluate how much brain swelling is associated with this stroke. 3. The CT scan will pinpoint the exact area of the brain affected by the stroke. 4. The CT scan can guide treatment by differentiating hemorrhagic from ischemic causes of the stroke.
The client presents to the emergency room with extensive bruising. Based on this information, the nurse tells the client that what is the cause of the black and blue marks visible on the skin as a result of injuries?
A) Ruptured capillaries containing cellular waste products B) Constriction and dilation of the arterioles diameters C) Holding of large volumes of blood under high pressures D) Reversible cell injury owing to decreased blood and oxygen
A patient at 20 weeks of gestation is concerned about a discharge from her nipples. What is the nurse's appropriate response to this patient?
a. "That is expected. It is milk production that begins at the onset of pregnancy." b. "A nipple discharge is unusual. I advise you to consult your obstetrician." c. "I suggest you decrease your fluid intake for several days to see if this makes a difference." d. "After the first trimester a thin, yellow fluid called colostrum may be secreted from the nipples."