In behavioral therapy, shaping is a type of contingency management in which
a. the counselor and client analyze and manipulate preceding contingencies.
b. the desired behavior doesn’t occur naturally, so behaviors that are close to the desired behavior are rewarded.
c. rewards are given when a client is not performing an undesirable behavior.
d. symbols are substituted for reinforcers. The symbols, such as poker chips are eventually exchanged for positive reinforcers.
e. the client receives different types of reinforcements for each instance of desired behavior.
Answer: b
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