In operant conditioning, reinforcing successive approximations of a desired behavior is a procedure called ________
a. chaining
b. shaping
c. higher-order conditioning
d. counterconditioning
Answer: b
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A friend says that she has heard that social factors can influence a woman's childbirth experience. According to the information in Chapter 10, you should reply,
a. "No, the mother may be happier if someone stays with her during labor and delivery, but there are no consistent advantages, as far as her actual childbirth.". b. "No, the mother is actually more self-conscious and nervous if someone stays with her during labor and delivery.". c. "Yes, in Canadian and US research, a woman has fewer complications if she has the same nurse staying with her during labor and delivery.". d. "Unfortunately, there has been no well-controlled research on this important topic.".
Information that is transferred into long-term memory without deliberate effort or awareness is encoded ____
a. emotionally c. acoustically b. automatically d. elaborately
Which is an example of facial feedback hypothesis?
A) smiling in order to draw a smile from a friend B) avoiding eye contact in order to avoid talking to someone C) making yourself smile, then finding that your mood is more positive D) trying to make eye contact in order to flirt with someone
During the first year, an infant's sounds become increasingly _____, which means that specific sounds are produced under specific conditions
A) differentiated B) intentional C) vegetative D) telegraphic