In U.S. v. Martinez-Fuerte (1976), SCOTUS held that:
a. police can constitutionally stop a vehicle at a fixed checkpoint for a brief questioning of the occupants, even though they have no reason to believe the vehicle contains illegal aliens.
b. police stopping vehicles at a fixed checkpoint without reasonable suspicion that the vehicle contains illegal aliens violates the Fourth Amendment.
c. the Fourth Amendment requires police to have probable cause to believe a vehicle contains illegal aliens before they can stop it at a fixed checkpoint.
d. it is constitutional for police to stop a vehicle at a fixed checkpoint, and they can search the entire vehicle and its occupants without reasonable suspicion or probable cause.
a
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Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).