What are the major similarities and differences between party caucuses/conferences and informal party groups?
What will be an ideal response?
Both of these describe ways that parties organize themselves within Congress. Caucuses/conferences are both the most inclusive and most formal. For each party, they include all members of that party. Caucuses/conferences elect leaders, approve committee assignments, provide services, and provide a forum for assessing member sentiment and forging party unity. In contrast, informal party groups are less inclusive and will include only members that agree with their specific mission. They are less formally organized and will tend to have more specific purposes. Some might focus on a specific issue, while others might include members with a particular ideological approach (such as fiscal conservatism).
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The Underground Railroad was
a. the first transcontinental railroad. b. an informal network of secret routes and safe houses run by abolitionists. c. a nineteenth-century precursor to the modern subway system. d. the only transportation open to black Americans, whether free or slave. e. a railroad owned by mining companies.
In thinking about California's political geography, one of the most significant developments with respect to partisan politics is ______.
A. a noticeable split between a heavily liberal, Democratic north and a conservative, Republican south B. a checkerboard of Republican and Democratic counties across the state, making it difficult to identify any geographic areas where partisans concentrate C. solid Democratic majorities across all 58 counties D. an east-west divide, whereby coastal regions are more liberal and Democratic, and inland regions are more conservative and Republican
Horizontal social relations
a. emphasize an authority hierarchy. b. highlight equality among members of society to help shape political and social decisions. c. discourage governments from implementing policies that protect groups or that level the economic playing field in society. d. tend to coincide with government programs aimed at benefiting large numbers of people. e. emphasize an authority hierarchy and coincide with government programs aimed at benefiting large numbers of people.
Which of the following did the Government in the Sunshine Act require?
A. That all federal agencies run by committees conduct their business regularly in public session B. That all federal agencies terminate after five years unless Congress grants the agency an extension C. That all federal agencies hold at least half of their public meetings outside Washington, D.C. D. That at least 40% of upper-level positions within an agency be filled by females or ethnic minorities E. That all federal agency meetings on personnel problems or court proceedings be held in public session