For the shunt-type voltage regulator shown in Figure P12.3, find an expression for the output voltage Vo in terms of RS , VZ, and R.
Analysis:
If the Zener diode is to be in the regulator mode, the CB junction must be forward biased; in this case, both the CB and the BE junctions are forward biased, since a substantial base current will be generated through the Zener diode (depending on the value of the shunt resistor in the output circuit). Thus, the collector-emitter voltage is equal to:
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