How are the C4 and CAM pathways similar? How are they different?
What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: Both pathways utilize alternative carbon fixation pathways, fixing CO2 into oxaloacetate by
PEP carboxylase. Also, in both pathways, the oxidation of malate is used in the rubiscocatalyzed
first step of the Calvin cycle. The difference between the two pathways is that in
the C4 pathway, the fixation of carbon and the Calvin cycle occurs in two different cell types,
while in the CAM pathway, the two steps occur in the same cell but at different times of day.
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The appendix is a vestigial structure in humans
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
A mitogen triggers the release of a protein that binds a transcriptional regulator.
a. true b. false
The region of a chromosome where two sister chromatids are held together is called a
A.) Spindle B.) Centromere C.) Nucleosome D.) Centriole
When you hyperventilate (breathe too fast), respiratory alkalosis (decreased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood) can occur, which can cause you to faint. A common but potentially dangerous method to reverse respiratory alkalosis is to hold a
paper bag over your mouth and take normal breaths, thereby rebreathing the exhaled air. How might this method reverse respiratory alkalosis? A) Inhaling oxygen exhaled into the bag will cause oxygen to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will decrease. B) Inhaling oxygen exhaled into the bag will cause oxygen to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will increase. C) Inhaling carbon dioxide exhaled into the bag will cause carbon dioxide to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will increase. D) Inhaling carbon dioxide exhaled into the bag will cause carbon dioxide to diffuse back into the blood and react with water to form carbonic acid, and blood pH will decrease.