Ultra-high-temperature sterilization effectively
A. reduces microbes that cause spoilage.
B. removes only mesophilic microbes.
C. reduces microbes that cause disease.
D. removes all microbes that cause diseases or spoilage.
E. reduces microbes that cause disease or spoilage.
Answer: D
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Which disease(s) has/have been mistakenly diagnosed as measles or scarlet fever due to similarities in rash appearance?
A) Lyme disease B) Q fever C) rickettsial diseases D) typhus
It is estimated that humans can produce over 1.5 million different types of antibodies. Which of the following statements regarding this extraordinary variation is INCORRECT?
A. We inherit over 1.5 million different and distinct immunoglobulin genes from our parents at fertilization. B. V and J domains of antibody light chains are randomly joined. C. Random segments of DNA can be removed from antibody genes. D. V and J domains of antibody heavy chains are randomly joined. E. Cytosines in the variable regions of antibody genes can be converted to uracils via hypermutation.
Groups of related, but distinctly different genes that appear to have arisen from a single ancestral gene are referred to as
A. segmental duplications. B. expressed sequences. C. tandem clusters. D. pseudogenes. E. multigene families.
When the DNA sequence of the gene that codes for the peptide hormone insulin is compared in two mammals (e.g., humans and rats), most of the sequence differences are silent mutations
These far outnumber sequence differences that result in amino acid substitutions. Why might this be? A. Mutations are random with respect to an organism's needs. B. Amino acid substitutions often result in proteins that have lost or compromised function, and so are selected against. C. A DNA sequence is more likely to mutate if the change does not alter the amino acid sequence. D. Most amino acid substitutions result in a beneficial phenotype that improves fitness and results in a greater number of offspring. E. Silent mutations occur in noncoding DNA sequences.