Which group is the sister group to humans?
a. earthworm
b. lizard
c. tuna
d. mouse
e. duck
ANSWER: d
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Humoral immunity involves all the following except:
A) antibodies. B) antigens. C) NK cells. D) plasma cells.
Why do some animal viruses have an external envelope, while bacteriophages never do?
A. When animal cells are lysed, part of the plasma membrane attaches to the virus; in bacterial cells, it is covered by the cell wall. B. Some animal viruses bud out, taking part of the plasma membrane with them, whereas phages always lyse the host bacterial cell when they exit. C. When phages bud out of the host bacterial cell, they take with them part of the cell wall which forms the capsid, not an envelope. D. When bacteriophages bud out, the plasma membrane is beneath the cell wall and therefore cannot be removed.
Potato spindle-tuber disease, which causes potatoes to become gnarled and cracked, is caused by an infectious agent consisting of a small circular RNA molecule that totally lacks a protein coat. These infectious agents are thought to exert their effects by interfering with the cell's normal path of gene expression. Such an infectious agent is known as a(n) __________.
A) eviscerion B) viroid C) provirous D) bacteriophage E) virunette
Endothermic animals have four-chambered hearts
Indicate whether the statement is true or false