Leptospirosis has all the following characteristics except
A. it can be transmitted by animal bites.
B. humans acquire it by contact with abraded skin or mucous membranes.
C. the pathogen is a spirochete.
D. it infects kidneys, liver, brain, and eyes.
E. it most common in cattle, horses, pigs, and dogs.
Answer: A
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Why would the use of a known, reliable starter culture improve the safety of fermented meat products?
A. It doesn't. All fermented meat products are inherently unsafe since we can't determine what fermentation products are left behind in the food. Some of them may be toxic. B. By using pure starter cultures, we KNOW what we're adding in, and how much. We can control the microbial fermentation precisely to best prepare the food product. C. We need to be very careful which microbes are introduced into a food product. Some microbes can interact with microbes already present in the food, producing toxins and toxic byproducts that might harm human beings. D. Not every fermenting microbe ferments the same way. Even different strains of the same species might produce different products. Some of these products might not be safe for human consumption. E. By using pure starter cultures, we KNOW what we're adding in, and how much. We can control the microbial fermentation precisely to best prepare the food product AND not every fermenting microbe ferments the same way. Even different strains of the same species might produce different products. Some of these products might not be safe for human consumption.
The vertebrate central nervous system is a brain and _________. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s)
Active transport ________
A) uses ATP as an energy source B) can move solutes against their concentration gradient C) can involve the transport of ions D) all of the answer options
Trial-and-error learning can be important in the development of a behavior
Indicate whether the statement is true or false