An epidemiologist is conducting a program of research aimed at identifying factors associated with incidence and prevalence of congenital cardiac defects in infants. The researcher has recruited a large number of mothers whose infants were born with cardiac defects as well as mothers whose infants were born with healthy hearts. The researcher is comparing the nutritional habits of all the mothers while their babies were in utero. Which of the following types of study is the epidemiologist most likely conducting?

To perform the Rinne test of hearing function, the nurse:

A) Whispers several words to the patient and asks him or her to repeat what was heard. B) Places a vibrating tuning fork in the middle of the head. C) Places a set of earphones over both ears, plays several tones, and asks the patient to identify the sounds heard. D) Uses a tuning fork to compare the length of time the patient hears sound conducted by the mastoid bone versus air conduction.

When praying with a patient, what criteria should the nurse use to determine how to pray?

A) Use a brief prayer focusing on needs and God's power to help. B) Use a spontaneous prayer speaking to the patient's needs and beliefs. C) Have a written prayer available to use. D) Ask to use the patient's prayer book.

The main task of the nurse manager is to make client assignments. Which information about each staff member must the nurse manager prioritize in order to make appropriate assignments?

A) Continuing education record B) Year of graduation from nursing school C) Job description D) Absenteeism and tardiness record

The nurse suspects that a pregnant patient has a substance use disorder (SUD). Which action should the nurse take first when planning care for this patient?

1. Provide a list of support services 2. Engage in motivational interviewing 3. Refer the patient to a treatment center 4. Discuss the impact of the substance on the fetus