Explain how the European relationship with China changed from astonishment and admiration to criticism and frustration

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

ANSWER:
Students should explain Chinese manufacturing and economic dominance as well as the misunderstanding and doggedness of European trade demands. The Ming transformed the global economy with their techniques for the production of porcelain. In addition to providing silk, lacquered furniture, jewelry, and tea, China's markets were of enormous economic interest to Europeans. They remarked with "astonishment" on the accomplishments and grandeur of Chinese society. The Portuguese, Dutch, and eventually the British sought access to these products and these markets. The Chinese were reluctant to give them free access to their economy and society but permitted access to Canton. Other Europeans, namely the Jesuits, wanted to produce converts to Catholicism. They were successful to a degree, particularly among the Ming elite. Their influence extended beyond religion, however. Jesuits brought European ideas and technology to Asia for instance, mapmaking and metallurgy (for cannon). On the other hand, Matteo Ricci is an example of a European who was affected by Chinese thought, particularly Confucian philosophy. After the British East India Company lost the American colonies and the demand for tea increased, it sought ways to have China buy British goods to balance the trade deficit and reduce the drain of English silver. George Macartney's mission to China is an example of British attempts to open more advantageous trade with China. Chinese continued disinterest in European goods led Europeans to regard the Chinese as stubborn, traditional, and frustrating.