Describe how a 38-year-old man David uses dietary and nutritional assessment information to make sure his diet is adequate
After reading about dietary assessment, 38-year-old David decides to make sure his diet is adequate. David wants to know whether his diet lacks any essential macronutrients or micronutrients. First, David uses anthropometric measurements to determine whether there is any evidence of overall malnutrition. David is 1.8 meters tall and weighs 68 kilograms. Because he is likely at a healthy body weight, David concludes that he is probably not consuming too few or too many calories. However, because weight and height are not good indicators of overall nutritional adequacy, David decides to conduct a dietary self-assessment using a three-day diet record and the MyPlate Food Tracker tool. He records everything he eats and drinks for three days, paying close attention to portion sizes. He carefully notes every component of more complex foods such as the lasagna served in the cafeteria. Next, David logs on to the MyPlate website and enters his information into its database. Using this free software, he is able to compare his dietary intake to the Dietary Reference Intake values of all the required vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients, as well as to his Estimated Energy Requirements. In addition, David compares his dietary intakes of certain food groups to those recommended by the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Patterns, and MyPlate. The results of David's dietary analysis indicate that he consumes almost all of the necessary nutrients at levels above their Adequate Intake Level or between their Recommended Dietary Allowance and Tolerable Upper Intake Level. Further, David's total energy intake is acceptable. However, his percentage of calories coming from fat is 45 percent-higher than recommended-and his daily fiber intake is below the recommended 20 to 25 grams. This suggests that David may have inadequate intake of fiber. In this manner, David can assess his own diet.
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Nearly all alcohol ingested is metabolized in the ____
a. stomach b. small intestine c. liver d. large intestine e. gallbladder
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Mrs. Z is a 76-year-old female who consults an internal medicine physician because she has been depressed. She also gets chronic migraines. The physician takes a full history from Mrs. Z, which reveals that several medications have been prescribed to her by a variety of specialists. It seems that each specialist neglected to pay attention to the medications that Mrs. Z was prescribed by her other doctors and the potential drug–nutrient interactions. She also takes some daily health supplements. The physician's notes are as follows: Current Medication/Supplements Reason for Prescribing/Taking St. John's wort ............................... she read in a magazine that this helps with depression Slow Fe (iron supplement) ............ for prior anemia Warfarin ......................................... history of embolic stroke Omeprazole ................................... history of peptic ulcer TUMS ............................................ chronic upset stomach Amoxicillin ................................... recent respiratory infection Doxazosin ..................................... incontinence Allegra .......................................... seasonal allergies Lipitor ........................................... high cholesterol Vitamin E ...................................... she heard it was good for heart disease Typical Daily Diet Breakfast: eggs, bacon, ½ grapefruit, fresh orange juice Lunch: hotdogs, sausages, or pepperoni sub, sliced tomatoes, cold tea Dinner: cooked spinach, chicken breast, mashed potatoes, hot tea Because of the connection between increased levels of tyramine and migraine headaches, what dietary changes should Mrs. Z make? A. eliminate grapefruit B. eliminate deli (cured) meats C. eliminate orange juice D. eliminate eggs E. eliminate fresh tomatoes
Gastric distention occurs when:
A) food accumulates in the stomach, causing the stomach walls to stretch. B) glucose levels increase in the blood due to food intake. C) cells in the stomach lining release ghrelin into an empty stomach. D) reduced food intake causes nutrient deficiencies.
The majority of older Americans have one or more chronic diseases
Indicate whether the statement is true or false