Pope ________ established the College of Cardinals in 1059
A. Leo IX
B. Stephen IX
C. Otto I
D. Nicholas II
E. Sixtus IV
Answer: D
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Athenian democratic theory did NOT produce which of the following?
a. the principle that political decisions are made by the community of citizens b. confidence that average citizens could effectively administer their state c. the belief that excellence meant good citizenship—a concern for the good of the community that outweighed personal interests d. the notion of natural or inalienable human rights for all people e. a government of amateurs
In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the ____ party
a. Federal b. Liberty c. Union d. National e. Progressive
All of the following arguments were made by opponents of the war EXCEPT
A) President Polk provoked an unnecessary and premature military confrontation with Mexico with his military orders to General Zachary Taylor while in the midst of diplomatic negotiations with Mexico to resolve the conflict. B) the war with Mexico over Texas was actually a pretext for President Polk militarily acquiring California and New Mexico from Mexico. C) the war with Mexico was an immoral effort by slaveholders to strengthen the presence of slavery in the Unites States and enhance their influence over the federal government. D) President Polk failed to obtain an authorization for war from the Senate and the House for war with Mexico, and instead he illegally relied on his constitutional powers as commander-in-chief to go to war with Mexico.
The growth in urban life in Latin America during the second half of the nineteenth century was mostly due to
a. European immigration. b. changes in the urban economy. c. confiscations of church lands. d. military expansion.