The parents tell a nurse "our child is having some short-term negative outcomes since the hospitalization." The nurse recognizes that what can negatively affect short-term negative outcomes? (Select all that apply.)
a. Parents' anxiety
b. Consistent nurses
c. Number of visitors
d. Length of hospitalization
e. Multiple invasive procedures
ANS: A, D, E
The stressors of hospitalization may cause young children to experience short- and long-term negative outcomes. Adverse outcomes may be related to the length and number of admissions, multiple invasive procedures, and the parents' anxiety. Consistent nurses would have a positive effect on short-term negative outcomes. The number of visitors does not have an effect on negative outcomes.
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