Describe the three branches of the national government and the separation of their powers
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To prevent the possibility that the national government might use its power arbitrarily, the Constitution divided the national government's powers among three branches:
The legislative branch, or Congress, which makes the laws.
The executive branch, which enforces the laws.
The judicial branch, which interprets the laws.
Each branch performs a separate function, and no branch may exercise the authority of another branch. Each branch, however, has some power to limit the actions of these two branches. Congress, for example, can enact legislation relating to spending and commerce, but the president can veto that legislation. The executive branch is responsible for foreign affairs, but treaties with foreign governments require approval by the Senate. Although Congress determines the jurisdiction of the federal courts, the federal courts have the power to hold acts of these branches of the federal government unconstitutional. With this system of checks and balances, no one branch of government can accumulate too much power.
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