Which of the following phenomena would be least likely to result in activation of the complement system?
A)
Recognition of an antibody bound to the surface of a microbe
B)
Increase in tissue blood flow and capillary permeability, so fluids/proteins can leak into the area
C)
Activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs) on complement proteins
D)
Direct recognition of microbial proteins
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Toll-like receptors are not associated with the complement system. The complement system may be activated by antibody recognition, mannose binding, or microbial protein recognition.
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When defining the term "frontier area," which of the following would the nurse include as the most common description?
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A new mother is questioning the nurse about the newborn's urinary output, which is infrequent and scanty
The nurse recognizes this pattern as normal, and knows that contributing factors include which of the following? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. The infant's glomerular filtration rate is high in comparison with the adult rate. 2. Full-term newborns are less able than are adults to concentrate urine because the tubules are short and narrow. 3. The ability to concentrate urine fully is developed at the age of 1 year. 4. Feeding practices can affect the osmolarity of the urine, but have limited effect on concentration of the urine. 5. The newborn kidney is limited in its dilutional capacity.
The nurse has instructed an overweight client to follow a 2,000-calorie diet by substituting foods considered low in calories for those higher in calories. How does the client interpret the food label to decide if a food is low in calories?
1. The product label will state "lighter" or "reduced calories." 2. The nutrition facts label will have the letter "L" located in the lower right corner. 3. Nutritional labeling on the product will indicate less than 40 calories per serving. 4. The product will contain no more than 11% fat.
During a home visit in the postpartum period, the nurse notes the patient is having difficulty with breastfeeding. The nurse should refer the patient to
A) A nurse practitioner B) LaLeche League International C) Parent effectiveness training D) Nurses for Newborns