Describe the changes in pressure and volume that lead to inspiration
What will be an ideal response?
The diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract upon stimulation by the phrenic and intercostal nerves. In doing so, the intrapulmonary volume (volume inside the lungs) increases. Gases within the lungs spread out to fill the larger space, decreasing the intrapulmonary pressure. Air follows the pressure gradient into the body until intrapulmonary pressure equals atmospheric pressure, and inspiration (inhalation) occurs. Air rushes into the lungs.
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How are endocrine glands and hormones involved in homeostatic reflexes?
A. Endocrine glands can be efferent pathways, and hormones can be effectors. B. They are not involved; reflexes only involve actions of the nervous system. C. Endocrine glands can be receptors, and hormones can be effectors. D. Endocrine glands can be integrating centers, and hormones can be efferent pathways. E. Endocrine glands are not part of reflex mechanisms, but hormones can be afferent or efferent pathways.
Primary hyposecretion takes place when an endocrine gland is normal but is secreting too little hormone because of a deficiency of its tropic hormone
a. True b. False Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Lamellar corpuscles are an example of ________
A) a nerve ending associated with a tactile disc B) a simple free nerve ending C) a nerve ending associated with a hair follicle D) an elaborate encapsulated nerve ending
what are the proximal attachments of the soleus? select all that apply.
a) medial and lateral condyles of femur b) proximal fibula c) ischial tuberosity d) interosseous membrane e) middle of tibia