Accepted treatments for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) may require: (Select all that apply.)
a. platelet infusions.
b. administration of fresh frozen plasma.
c. cryoprecipitate.
d. packed RBCs.
e. heparin.
A, B, C, D
Administration of platelets is the highest priority for transfusion because they provide the clotting factors needed to establish an initial platelet plug from any bleeding site. Fresh frozen plasma is administered for fibrinogen replacement. It contains all clotting factors and antithrombin III; however, factor VIII is often inactivated by the freezing process, thus necessitating administration of concentrated factor VIII in the form of cryoprecipitate. Transfusions of packed RBCs are given to replace cells lost in hemorrhage. Although heparin's antithrombin activity prevents further clotting, it may increase the risk of bleeding and may cause further problems. Its use is controversial when it is administered to patients with DIC.
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