A 12-year-old child is admitted to the unit for a surgical procedure. The child is accompanied by two parents and a younger sibling. What is the level of involvement in treatment decision making for this child?
1. That of an emancipated minor.
2. That of a mature minor.
3. That of assent.
4. None.
Correct Answer: 3
Rationale: Assent requires the ability to generally understand what procedure and treatments are planned, to understand what participation is required, and to make a statement of agreement or disagreement with the plan. Usually, in Piaget's stage of formal operations, 11- to 13-year-olds should be able to problem solve using abstract concepts and are able to give valid assent when parents sign the informed consent. An emancipated minor is a self-supporting adolescent who is not subject to the control of a parent or guardian. A mature minor is a 14- or 15-year-old whom the state law designates as being able to understand medical risks and who is thus permitted to give informed consent for treatment.
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