Which of the following students provides the best summary of the relationship between expertise and top-down/bottom-up processing?
a. Carrie: "Expert problem solvers tend to emphasize top-down processing because this framework provides the best overview of the problem."
b. MarÃa Elena: "Expert problem solvers use their knowledge (top-down processing), but they also attend to the unique features of the problem (bottom-up processing)."
c. Raoul: "The basic problem is that experts consistently overuse bottom-up processing, and they ignore top-down processing."
d. Herbie: "Experts make too much use of bottom-up processing; novices make too much use of top-down processing."
Ans: b
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