If an operant reinforcer is only given after a desired response has occurred, the reinforcer is said to be
a. cue dependent.
b. a conditioned response.
c. a successive approximation.
d. response contingent.
ANSWER: d
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Your friend has just come from a therapist who has recommended eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for posttraumatic stress disorder. Because you are taking a course in abnormal psychology, your friend asks what you think. Based on the literature, what would you say?
a. This technique is based on operant conditioning principles and seems quite effective. b. This technique does not seem to have a theoretical basis, and the limited effectiveness it does show may be due to the fact that it involves exposure. c. Classical conditioning provides the theoretical rationale for this technique that has had mixed results. d. Because the eyes are the "window on the mind," this technique explores hidden meanings related to traumatic events and has been extremely successful.
Which of the following slightly increases the probability that a boy will be homosexual?
a. Having an older sister b. Having a younger sister c. Having an older brother d. Having a younger brother
Dr. Gregory is liked, respected, and approved of by her colleagues. That is, she has gained her colleagues' ____
a. social acceptance b. ethos c. companionate trust d. cognitive investment
Vegetarianism is best described as an example of ____
a. ideas, or culture, impacting human behavior b. social, rather than cultural, behavior c. a genetic mutation d. an American praxis