Of the four basic elements of classical conditioning, the one the organism learns to respond to is the _____
A) US
B) UR
C) CS
D) CR
Answer: C
Rationale: A conditioned stimulus (CS) is a once neutral stimulus that elicits a conditioned response
because it has a history of being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
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What was a major shortcoming of early psychologists?
a. They overgeneralized their findings. b. They abandoned the scientific method. c. They diluted their efforts by diverging into several psychological specializations. d. They tried to establish theories without a large body of experimental data.
Church membership and holding religious beliefs have been shown to do all of the following EXCEPT
a. increase one's social status. b. add feelings of purpose and meaning in life. c. provide social support that softens the impact of life's negative events. d. have a small positive association with happiness.
Many experts today blame the fear of men on ____
a. gender role socialization in adolescence b. the breakdown of traditional stereotypes about gender c. the media's image of men as bad guys d. homosocial play
Assuming that something is so simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so, is an example of
A) appeal to authority fallacy. B) circular reasoning fallacy. C) hasty generalization fallacy. D) naturalistic fallacy.