A case can reach the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in all of the following ways EXCEPT
a. when a national court asks for a preliminary ruling on a case involving European law
b. when a party appeals a decision of the General Court on the basis of a question of law.
c. when a European institution asks the court to rule on the legality of a piece of European legislation.
d. when the Commission asks the ECJ to decide if a member state has failed to fulfill its EU legal obligations.
e. when the Court independently selects a case to hear.
e
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Writs of certiorari ______.
A. force the justices to take a hard, strategic look at petitions before promoting them, so political strategy is an important consideration B. provide the Supreme Court with an opportunity to consider cases but a majority of justices must agree to hear the case argued C. can only be read by the justices to protect confidential information so justices generally do not accept writs of certiorari D. usually mean that once the Court has decided to hear a case there is a clear majority for reaching a decision
When the top two candidates in a primary compete in a second primary for the majority of votes, it is called
A. a closed primary. B. an open primary. C. a run-off primary. D. a blanket primary. E. a caucus.
A regulatory function whereby the government seeks to ensure that individuals and companies providing critical professional services are properly trained or qualified is known as co-optation
Indicate whether this statement is true or false.
George W. Bush was successful implementing policy changes in which of the following?