In which situation is a baseline fetal heart rate of 160 to 170 beats per minute be considered a normal finding?
a. The fetus is at 28 weeks of gestation.
b. The mother has been given an epidural block.
c. The mother has a history of fast labors.
d. The mother has mild preeclampsia but is not in labor.
A
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A The normal preterm fetus may have a baseline rate slightly higher than the term
fetus because of an immature parasympathetic nervous system that does not yet
exert a slowing effect on the fetal heart rate (FHR).
B Any change in the FHR with an epidural is not considered an expected outcome.
C Fast labors should not alter the FHR normally.
D Preeclampsia should not cause a normal elevation of the FHR.
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