A 30-year-old is diagnosed with emphysema. Changes in this patient's lungs are caused by:
a. viral infections.
b. destruction of alveolar macrophages.
c. รก1-antitrypsin deficiency.
d. fibrotic lung disease.
ANS: C
á1-Antitrypsin deficiency is suggested in individuals who develop emphysema before 40 years of age; it is not due to viral infections. Changes in the lungs are not associated with alveolar macro-phage destruction or with fibrotic lung disease.
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