"Ecological succession" refers to
a) the effects on a trophic web when one species is removed
b) the effects on an ecological community when a non-native species is introduced
c) the replacement of one type of vegetation with another
d) a series of predictable changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community
e) human-induced (anthropogenic) changes in an ecological community
Answer: d) a series of predictable changes in the composition or structure of an ecological community
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