What are the basic principles for teaching phonics to struggling readers? How might these principles be implemented?
What will be an ideal response?
The basic principles for teaching phonics to struggling readers include the following:
• Establish a starting point. Assess students' knowledge of phonics and also their use of decoding strategies.
• Use word building or another effective approach.
• Stress phonemic awareness and matching each sound with its spelling.
• Help students feel how sounds are formed.
• Provide high-quality reinforcement.
• Teach related strategies. After learning a pattern such as -ent, develop students' ability to use that pattern to read unfamiliar words.
• Provide plenty of practice reading texts that contain the new element that has been taught. Use shared, guided, and independent reading.
• Monitor progress and adjust the program as needed.
• Use speech-to-print or tracing or another approach if students experience difficulty with the approach being used.
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