Subjects in a multiple group experimental study are tested for how much time it takes them to navigate a maze and find the chocolate. The maze is reconstructed after each run, and three different floor plans are used
Each group is tested eight times in eight hours. at a different time of day. The runs later in the day have faster times than the earlier ones. Which threat to internal validity might account for this difference?
a. Instrumentation
b. Selection
c. Maturation
d. Statistical regression toward the mean
ANS: C
Effects can be due to changes in measurement instruments (instrumentation) between the pretest and the posttest rather than a result of the treatment. Selection addresses the process by which subjects are chosen to take part in a study and how subjects are grouped within a study. Maturation is defined as growing older, wiser, stronger, hungrier, more tired, or more experienced during the study. The subkects in this study may have been through the three different floor plans enough times to learn them. Such unplanned changes can influence the findings of the study. Experimenter expectancy occurs when a researcher expects a particular intervention to relieve pain.
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