Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. In ex post facto control group designs, comparison groups are assigned prior to treatment.
2. Time order cannot be assured in nonequivalent control group designs.
3. Internal validity in experiments is weakened by noncomparability of groups.
4. Maturation in experiments occurs when changes in outcome scores are likely due to a length treatment period.
5. Although cross-population generalizability is difficult to achieve using experiments, a true experiment usually has high sample generalizability.


1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

Political Science

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In a six-to-three vote, the Supreme Court upheld an Indiana law that required voters to present photo identification when voting. Advocates of the law believe that it will help to prevent voter fraud. Opponents believe that it is targeting the poor, who are less likely to have photo identification. What would a sociologist call this phenomenon

A) The ideology of the American Dream B) Meritocracy C) Status inconsistency D) Political disenfranchisement

Political Science

The first time the Bill of Rights was applied to the states was in the eighteenth century

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Political Science

Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. Analysts must justify their choices about the conceptualization and operationalization of study concepts. 2. In conceptualization, no correct number of dimensions or variables exists, only bad or lacking ones. 3. The theorem of the interchangeability of indicators states that most concepts have three to five dimensions. 4. An index variable is a variable that combines the values of other variables into a single indicator or score. 5. Index variables are also commonly used to empirically measure abstract concepts and multifaceted, encompassing phenomena.

Political Science

Which of the following is true regarding most governors as they enter office?

A. They have little to no previous political experience. B. They have considerable experience in public affairs. C. They have no ambition for political office. D. They have considerable experience in the private sector.

Political Science