Breland and Breland tried to use shaping to train a pig and a raccoon to drop wooden coins into a bank. They found that:
a. the pig couldn't learn the task, but the raccoon quickly learned the task
b. both the pig and the raccoon had difficulty learning the task
c. the raccoon only learned the task after seeing the pig complete it successfully
d. the pig only learned the task after seeing the raccoon complete it successfully
B
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In a longitudinal study (Bagwell, Newcomb & Bukowski, 1998), researchers found that 11-year-olds with stable mutual friends
a. had less stable family interactions in adulthood. b. reported about the same level of depression in adulthood as the other 11-year-old group without stable mutual friends. c. divorced more often as adults than the other 11-year-old group without stable mutual friends. d. were more likely to report high levels of self-esteem in early adulthood.
The Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS) found that
a. biological treatments alone are the most effective with children and adolescents. b. antidepressant medication alone is effective in reducing the risk of suicide in children and adolescents. c. antidepressant medication alone produced a higher risk of suicide in children and adolescents than medication combined with CBT. d. CBT alone produced a higher risk of suicide in children and adolescents than medication combined with CBT.
Positive psychology focuses on
a. understanding negative emotions b. promoting healthy or positive display rules c. promoting emotions such as happiness d. decreasing negative thoughts and feelings e. learning to better manage the experience of anger
According to Money and Ehrhardt's biosocial theory of gender-role development,
a. Freud was correct when he said that "biology is destiny.". b. children begin acting like boys or girls once they acquire gender identity and constancy. c. several critical biological events set the stage for different social reactions to males and females. d. pubertal hormones alone account for gender-role development.