What is meant by adaptation from standing genetic variation in natural populations?
A) A population adapts to an environmental change by the occurrence of a beneficial mutation in an individual that introduces genetic variation, which rises to high frequency in the population because it is favored by natural selection following the environmental change.
B) A population adapts to an environmental change by the rise to high frequency of an existing genetic variant that was already present in the population at low frequency before the environmental change.
C) Individuals with more variation present in their genomes are favored by natural selection following an environmental change, and the population adapts via an overall increase in genetic variation in the population because the most genetically variable individuals have highest fitness.
D) Genetic variation becomes costly for individuals following an environmental change, and the result is that overall genetic variation in a population decreases as the population adapts to the environmental change.
B
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In all organisms, active transport across a membrane requires
A) equal concentrations of ions on both sides of the membrane. B) a resting potential of 0 mV. C) exergonic movement indicated by the direction of the electrochemical potential. D) an asymmetric distribution of ions across a membrane. E) both choices B and D
A specific marker with two peaks indicates that the individual is ________ with respect to that particular STR marker
a. homozygous b. heterozygous
Most of the genetic diversity on earth resides in viral genomes
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Which one of the following statements is true regarding endotoxins?
a. They are produced and released by living bacteria. b. They are associated with gram-positive bacteria. c. They interrupt protein synthesis. d. They are released upon cell death.