According to Van Hoose and Paradise, which one of the following, from a developmental perspective, is the highest stage of ethical reasoning?

a. societal orientation
b. principle or conscience orientation
c. institutional orientation
d. individual orientation


Answer: b

Counseling

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Earlier outcome research was

a. difficult to understand. b. difficult to implement. c. irrelevant to practice. d. All of the above.

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__________ refers to the act of arguing on behalf of an individual, group, idea, or issue in the pursuit of influencing outcomes

a. Social justice b. Social advocacy c. Social justice counseling d. Social revolution

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Performance assessments are commonly used in nursing programs. Each performance can be considered an item. The test developers decided to compare 0-1 scores (correct procedure vs

incorrect procedure) for beginners and intermediates in the program with those who passed the final exam as a way to study item characteristics. Which item analysis procedure(s) could be used with such data? a. A: Item Difficulty B: Item Discrimination b. A only c. B only d. A and B e. Neither

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According to the text, in the __________phase of the 7-step White identity development model, a White person feels neutral toward people of color and minorities.

a. naïveté b. conformity c. neutral d. introspective phase

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