Suppose your college or university wanted to make a major change in some important aspect of student life at your school, such as getting students more involved in charitable organizations. How should the college or university use Lewin's model to guide its actions?
What will be an ideal response?
The student should list the following stages of change and then give an example of how his or her university would implement each of these change stages. (Suggested answers are provided below.)
Lewin's change model describes three stages of managing change efforts:
1. Unfreezing: Managers instill in employees the motivation to change, encouraging them to let go of attitudes and behaviors that are resistant to innovation. Managers also need to reduce the barriers to change. The school's faculty and administration may begin talking about the need for social involvement and the need to help those who are less fortunate. Posters may be placed in key areas on campus (library, student union, classroom buildings), and the administration may ask the editors of the campus newspaper to run a series of articles about volunteering for local nonprofit organizations.
2. Changing: Employees need to be given the tools for change: new information, perspectives, and models of behavior. Managers help by providing benchmarking results, role models, mentors, experts, and training. The school may offer a mentorship program, partnering students with faculty members who can help them find the right charity at which to volunteer. Again the editors of the campus newspaper may be valuable allies; perhaps they might run weekly "Volunteer Profiles" of various student volunteers, who will talk about their experiences and the benefits of volunteering.
3. Refreezing: Employees integrate the changed attitudes and behavior into their normal ways of doing things. Managers assist by encouraging them to exhibit the new change and reinforcing the desired change with coaching and modeling. In the refreezing stage, volunteerism becomes a part of the campus culture—all fraternities and sororities work on behalf of a particular charity, and incoming freshman are asked to choose a charity at which they will volunteer a minimum of five hours per week.
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What will be an ideal response?