Describe how sodium and blood pressure balance are interconnected. Mention the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and ANP in your answer
What will be an ideal response?
Blood pressure is directly affected by blood volume; i.e., the higher the volume, the higher the pressure. A decrease in blood volume, as would happen with severe blood loss, causes a drop in blood pressure. The drop in blood pressure initiates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in which the kidneys secrete renin that converts a plasma compound into angiotensin. After some modification, a form of angiotensin causes the release of aldosterone, which then causes the kidneys to conserve sodium. Since sodium contributes significantly to the ECF's osmotic pressure, conserving sodium causes more water to be conserved as water follows Na+ ions osmotically. In turn, conserving water raises the blood volume, which raises blood pressure. When blood pressure is too high, the heart secretes ANP, which causes the kidneys to excrete more water. This causes more water to be excreted, which lowers the blood volume, thereby decreasing blood pressure.
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